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Community Health Insurance This section on Community Health Insurance (CHI) is managed by Mr Denny John , currently working as Faculty, Institute of Public Health (IPH), Bangalore. He has a background in physical therapy and healthcare management, and currently based in Mira Road for his project “Health Financing for the Poor” at Thane District. CHI works on the twin-principles of pre-payment and risk-pooling and is one method of health financing for providing access to quality and affordable healthcare to all populations, especially the poor. Kindly note: The terms ‘Community Health Insurance’, ‘Microinsurance’ and ‘Microhealthinsurance’, all mean the same, except in some instances where Microinsurance is also termed for low-premium insurance schemes covering life and assets.

Articles contributed by users Site visitors are invited to post their articles directly here  - Procedure to post articles, documents, photographs, etc. is given here  Community Health Insurance Articles Ashwini Group Insurance Scheme  - Objective of the insurance scheme is to break the financial barrier of the adivasi families. (doc)  Community Health Insurance - Some issues in Group formation : K.R Nayar (JNU)  - Women members can play an effective role in mobilization and maintain solidarity. (pdf)  Community health insurance – can we learn from them? : April 28, 2006  -   Community Insurance for Health Background, Initiatives etc :  - India has one of the highest proportions of private health financing, almost 82%. (pdf)  Comprehensive Accident & Health Insurance Scheme for BPL Families  - Launched by Govt. of Kerala  Does community health insurance increase access to health care for the poor? : Sep 2005  - Indian Evidences are taken for the analysis. (pdf)  Health Financing : Protecting the Poor  - Paper presented at the IAPSM conference at PGI, Chandigarh, March 2004 (pdf)  India: An Inventory of Micro Insurance Schemes  - Geneva, ILO, Strategies and Tools against social Exclusion and Poverty (STEP) Programme, 2005 (pdf)  Insurance Products Provided by Insurance Companies to the Disadvantaged Groups in India  - The study was conducted under the aegis of the ILO’s STEP programme. (pdf)  Micro-Insurance : Extending Health Insurance to the Excluded  - By Social Security Department, ILO (Planning, Development and Standards Branch)  Protecting against catastrophic health expenditure : Sep 2005  - The role of community health insurance in India. (pdf)  What is Microinsurance? - USAID  - Short notes exploring exciting new expansion of access to financial services. (pdf)  CHI in Other Countries Effectiveness of Community Health Financing in Meeting the Cost of Illness  - Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2002. (pdf)  Exploring the Perceptions of Ultra Poor for Low Utilization of Micro-health Insurance Schemes  - Independent study report submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Masters of Public Health (doc)  Health Care Microinsurance - Case studies from Uganda, Tanzania, India and Cambodia  - Community-based insurers have volunteer management requiring significant training. (doc)  Health Insurance for the Informal Sector in Africa  - Design Features, Risk Protection, and Resource Mobilization (pdf)  CHI Schemes Community-Based Schemes - Ashwini Case Study 2005 by Saliya Kanathigoda  - 90 % of the whole population still do not benefit from any kind of social protection in India. (pdf)  Health Insurance for Informal Sector - Case Study of Gujarat : Sep 30, 2000  - This pilot study explores the availability of health insurance coverage for the poor. (pdf)  Karuna Trust, Karnataka : 2005  - A write up on the Karuna Trust from CGAP (pdf)  Medical Aid Plan of Voluntary Health Services – Chennai - by Dr. N. Devadasan, VHS Team  - Voluntary Health Services (VHS) is an NGO for underprivileged in rural and slum areas. (pdf)  Medical Aid Plan of Voluntary Health Services –Chennai : 1972  - Provider based CHI scheme working in the rural areas, near Chennai. (pdf)  Mediclaim & GPA Policy For The Urban Poor : ICICI Lombard  - On Urban Employment & Poverty Alleviation (pdf)  Mitra Community Health Insurance Project : A Status Report as of 30th September 2006  -  (pdf)  Mutual insurance - Development of Humane Action (DHAN)'s Experience  - Genesis and evolution of insurance in DHAN’s micro-finance programmes (pdf)  The ACCORD – AMS – ASHWINI Health Insurance : Operational since 1992  - This is a provider based CHI scheme in Gudalur, Tamil Nadu. (pdf)  The feasibility of a Community Based Health Insurance (CBHI) at Wayanad, Kerala  - 80% of all outpatients and about 40-60% of all inpatients use the private health care facilities. (pdf)  The Jawar Health Assurance Scheme : 1979  - This is a provider based CHI scheme protecting farmers in Wardha district of Maharashtra. (pdf)  Women organizing for social protection - SEWA's Integrated Insurance Scheme : 2001  - Several international declarations and conventions claim social protection as a universal right. (pdf)  Yeshasvini Trust, Karnataka : 2005  - A write up on the famous Yeshasvini scheme. (pdf)  Important Links Microfinance and CHI Expanding Impact - Innovations in Cost-effectively Integrating Microfinance with Education in Health  - The ultimate goal of microfinance is to contribute to human development of a country. (pdf)  Grameen Foundation USA : Annual Report 2003  - Empowering the world’s poorest people to lift themselves out of poverty. (pdf)  Impact Assessment of Microfinance in India : August 2003  - Interim findings from a national study of MFIs in India (pdf)  Micro-Finance in the new economy -India’s Experience  - In India, microFinance scene is dominated by Self Help Groups (SHGs) - Banks linkage Programme. (doc)  Microfinance in India : An Overview  - NABARD aims at facilitating sustained access to financial services for the unreached poor. (doc)  Mutual Health Organizations and Micro-entrepreneurs Associations' Guide : 2001  - The fundamental principles are of insurance, participation and solidarity. (pdf)  Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) : Experience in Providing Micro-Insurance Services to Poor  - Paper prepared for the Global Microcredit Summit 2006 (pdf)  Newsletters Community Health Insurance Network - December 2004  - Report of the Conference on Health Insurance and Financing, New Delhi, 16-17 October 2004.  Community Health Insurance Network - January 2006  - Brief reports about national and international conferences as well as some relevant publications.  Community Health Insurance Network - March 2005  - IRDA workshop on "Regulation of micro-insurance schemes in India".  Community Health Insurance Network - September 2004  - Concepts of Community Health Insurance and some links to useful websites.  Micro-Health Insurance Update : Oct 2005  - Strengthening Micro-Health Insurance Units for the Poor in India. (pdf)  Policy Papers Community based Health Insurance Schemes in Developing Countries : January 2003  - Health financing via general taxation or via social health insurance are powerful methods. (doc)  Concept Paper on Need for Developing Micro-Insurance in India : August 18, 2004  - Objective and salient features of the proposed “micro-insurance” regulations inviting comments. (pdf)  Guidelines for Market Research on the Demand for Microinsurance : June 2006  - The demand for microinsurance grows out of the risks and risk management strategies. (pdf)  Insurance Regulatory & Development Authority (Micro-Insurance) Regulations 2005  - Any violation of code of conduct will lead to termination of job for the agents. (pdf)  Micro-Insurance Regulation 2005  - Discussion on Micro-Insurance regulations as notified by the IRDA and analyzation of clauses. (doc)  Microinsurance Resource Center in India - Preliminary Inputs and Concept Notes  - BearingPoint, Inc.'s initiated dialogues with several microinsurance stakeholders in the country. (doc)  Position paper on Micro Health Insurance for the Poor in India : New Delhi, 7 June 2005  - Commercial health insurance is expensive and responds to the needs of middle class urban clients. (pdf)  Role of Health Insurance and Community Financing in Funding Immunization  - This paper was prepared for the Financing Task Force of the Global Alliance (pdf)  Publications An introduction to Health Insurance for Low Income Countries : Health Systems Resource Centre  - Information on types of health insurance and comparison with other funding mechanisms (pdf)  Are the Poor Too Poor to Demand Health Insurance? : Journal of Microfinance  - By Rajeev Ahuja and Johannes Jütting (pdf)  Community based Health Insurance Schemes in Developing Countries : by Guy Carrin : 2003  - Information on facts, problems and perspectives faced by developing countries. (pdf)  Community Health Insurance in India - An Overview  - Economic and Political Weekly July 10, 2004 (pdf)  Community Involvement in Health Care Financing by Melitta Jakab and Chitra Krishnan : Sep 2001  - A Survey of the Literature on the Impacts, Strengths, and Weaknesses (pdf)  Effective Micro-Insurance Programs to Reduce Vulnerability : by Richard Leftley and Shadreck Mapfumo  - Any financial service to the poor must start with an understanding of client demand. (pdf)  Health Care Financing for the Poor - Community-based Health Insurance Schemes in Gujarat  - Economic and Political Weekly : Sep 17, 2005 (pdf)  Health Financing for Poor People : Resource Mobilization and Risk Sharing  - Edited by Alexander S. Preker and Guy Carrin (pdf)  Health insurance benefit packages prioritized by low-income clients in India : December 2006  - Industry design different insurance products for the poor, ignoring perceived priorities of clients. (pdf)  Health Insurance for the Poor : Myths and Realities : Economic and Political Weekly Nov 4, 2006  - Most Indians are willing to pay 1.35 per cent of income or more for health insurance : (pdf)  Hedging The Health of The Poor : The Case for Community Financing in India -by Anil Gumber: Sep 2001  - The paper examines in detail the determinants of enrollment in the community-based financing scheme. (pdf)  Performance Indicators for Microinsurance Practitioners : Workshop Report, Luxembourg : Oct 2006  - The strength of a microfi nance institution is often based on its close relationship with clients. (pdf)  Planning and Implementing Health Insurance Programmes in India : An Operational Guide : June 2006  - Capacity to design, implement and monitor a health insurance programme is currently limited in India (pdf)  The landscape of community health insurance in India : An overview based on 10 case studies  - More than 80% of health care expenditure is borne by individual households. (pdf)  Unmet Health Needs of Two Billion : Is Community Financing a Solution? : Sep 2001  - Many countries do not spend enough for health care of their rural residents and urban poor. (pdf)  Social Re-insurance Pro-Poor Health Insurance in the Informal Economy - Mission and vision  - The major activity planned is to operate a reinsurance plan, called Social Re. (doc)  Social reinsurance - A new approach to sustainable community health financing  - Idea is to enhance existing community institutions to organise access to basic health care. (pdf)  Social Reinsurance : A New Approach to Sustainable Community - Health Financing  - Rich-Poor Differences in Health Care Financing (pdf)  Sources of Financial Instability of Community-Based Health Insurance Schemes  - On How Could Social Reinsurance Help. (pdf)  Working Papers Health Insurance For The Poor In India : An Analytical Study : June 2005  - By Rajeev Ahuja (pdf)  Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion  - Assessing the Reach of Three SEWA Health Services among the poor (pdf)  Data & Statistics Health Articles Policy Papers Recommendations of Task groups  -  (doc)  Record of consultation on NRHM Feb 2005  -   Health Financing Articles Important Links Publications A middle way for rationing healthcare resources : by Rudolf Klein : 2005  - Technical analysis is indispensable but only the start. (pdf)  An Examination of the Relationship Between Health and Economic Growth : Sep 2006  - Good health is an asset that allows poor households to emerge from poverty. (pdf)  Clarifying efficiency-equity tradeoffs through explicit criteria : 2004  - Prioritization in health interventions can be rationalised by use of clearly defined criteria. (pdf)  Consumer-led Demand Side Financing for Health and Education : An International Review - May 2003  - Supply subsidies for health & education services often fail to reach most vulnerable in a community. (pdf)  Equity and the Economic Evaluation of Healthcare - March 2001  - Evaluations in Healthcare decisions is yet very limited. (pdf)  Estimates Of National Health Accounts (NHA) for 1997  - An Accounting Approach to the Production Flows in the Health System. (pdf)  Generalized Cost-effectiveness Analysis - An Aid to Decision Making in Health  - There is ample evidence of existing inefficiencies in health everywhere. (pdf)  Health Economics in Development by Philip Musgrove  - What Is the Minimum a Doctor Should Know about Health Economics? (pdf)  Iatrogenic poverty - Tropical Medicine and International Health  - July 2003 (pdf)  Investing in Health - A Summary of the Findings of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health  - The Commission’s mandate was to examine the links between health and macroeconomic issues. (pdf)  Medical Savings Accounts: Lessons Learned from Limited International Experience : 2002  - MSAs create proper incentives for wise health care purchasing decisions. (pdf)  National Health Accounts in Developing Countries: October 23, 1996  - On Appropriate Methods and Recent Applications (pdf)  Pay and Non-Pay Incentives, Performance and Motivation  - Prepared for WHO’s December 2000 Global Health Workforce Strategy Group, Geneva (pdf)  Role of Contracting in Improving Health Systems Performance : 2004  - People's health has improved considerably in the course of the twentieth century. (pdf)  Statutory packages of health care alongside voluntary insurance: Feb 2005  - What treatments should be covered? (pdf)  The Application of the National Health Accounts Framework to HIV / AIDS in Rwanda : Feb 2001  - On Challenges, shortcomings, and successes of HIV/AIDS funding in Rwanda (pdf)  Understanding Cost Effectiveness: A Detailed Review  - An examination and review of the basic principles of one of the more widely employed forms. (pdf)  Health Insurance Articles Cashless transaction and receivables management - by Dr Biswendu Bardhan & Dr Aanshu Sharma  - In few hospitals the outstanding bill from cashless transaction has crossed crore of rupees.  Compilation of Insurance schemes : 2001  - Available with the four nationalised insurance companies in India suitable to poor families. (doc)  FE: Health Insurance: a fruit always in season: April 13, 2008  -   Health Insurance in India : Current Scenario : 2003  - HIV / AIDS has of late assumed extremely virulent proportions. (pdf)  Health Insurance Scenario in India : by Peter Berman & Rajeev Ahuja : 2005  - Health Insurance in India covers cross section of population. (pdf)  Slum-dwellers run a health insurance fund : Oct 15th 07  -   Third Party Administrators - Theory and practice : July 10, 2004  - This paper attempts to understand the role of TPAs.  Important Links Policy Papers Publications Access to Financing: A Constraint to Private Health-Sector Development  - Is access to finance a constraint to the development of the private health sector? (pdf)  Assessing Private Health Insurance in India - Potential Impacts and Regulatory Issues  - Economic and Political Weekly : Feb 9, 2002 (pdf)  Health Insurance in India - Prognosis and Prospectus : 2000  - The paper attempts to review a variety of health insurance systems in India. (pdf)  Health Insurance in India - The emerging paradigms : 2002  - A seminar report on the Emerging Issues in the Indian Insurance Sector. (pdf)  Health Insurance: Beyond a Piecemeal Approach : 2006  - Parallel schemes run on public money can only introduce inefficiencies and wastage into the system. (pdf)  How Adverse Selection Affects the Health Insurance Market  - Insurance companies anticipate this purchasing behavior and devise contract offers. (pdf)  Operating for Value in Insurance : Sep 2006  - Many insurers are already considering new operating models. (pdf)  Private Health Insurance : Implications for Developing Countries : 2004  - Review on international experiences showing significance of private health insurance. (pdf)  Regulation Private health insurance to Serve the Public Interest : 2005  - Policy Issues for Developing Countries (pdf)  The Financial Impact of Formal Health Insurance Schemes: Evidence from Uganda  - Financial consequences are severe in the short and the long-term. (pdf)  Re-insurance Meetings / Events / Workshops / Conferences India Mumbai 13–15 November 2007 : Microinsurance Conference 2007 : Call for Session Proposals  -   Insurance Summit 2007: "Insurance Industry – Looking into the Kaleidoscope"  - on 18th January, 2007 at Taj President, Mumbai (pdf)  Microinsurance Conference 2007 - Nov. 13 -15 : General Information and Details  - This event is the third international Microinsurance Conference  NGOs & Organizations International National Social Health Insurance Articles Social Security for Unorganized Workers in Karnataka  - A large proportion of these workers is poor, illiterate, vulnerable and isolated. (pdf)  Important Links Policy Papers Reaching universal coverage via social health insurance : 2004  - Key design features in the transition period. (pdf)  Sustainable Health Financing, Universal Coverage and Social Health Insurance : April 2005  - The transition to universal coverage may take several years, even several decades. (pdf)  Sustainable health financing, universal coverage and social health insurance : May 2005  - Some countries have recently been recipients of large inflows of external funding for health. (pdf)  Tax-Based Financing for Health Systems: Options and Experiences : 2004  - Out-of-pocket spending is the most frequent way to pay for health services. (pdf)  Towards Universal Health Care Coverage : July 2000  - A Goal-oriented Framework for Policy Analysis. (pdf)  Publications

Also see : Public Health, Public Health : News Articles